5 Ways To Help Someone Experiencing Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia, is when the sugar in blood falls below an individual’s healthy levels. As a friend or loved one of a person living with diabetes, you can help by being prepared to help manage or treat hypoglycemia when it happens.
Sometimes the cause of hypoglycemia can be obvious: too much insulin, too little food, delayed meals or snacks after taking insulin, physical activity, illness, or medications. Other times, it seems to creep up for no apparent reason.
Low blood sugar is considered low when blood glucose (BG) is less than 70 mg/dL. It is important to note that it is not unusual for some people with diabetes to experience symptoms of low blood sugar lower or even higher than 70 mg/dl – it can vary based on the individual. Anticipating low blood sugar can be challenging, so we’ve gathered five tips that can help you be prepared the next time someone needs you.
1. Ask questions
It’s easier to talk about emergencies and other events when you’re removed from the situation. Pick a relaxing time when your loved one is feeling good to answer questions about their experience with hypoglycemia. For example, what does a low feel like for them? Some people may exhibit no warning signs at all. It’s best to work together so you have a plan for lows that happen suddenly.
2. Know the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
Everyone’s signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia can be different. They may range from mild symptoms to more severe. Here is the American Diabetes Association’s list of common signs and symptoms to look for:
- Shakiness
- Nervousness or anxiety
- Sweating, chills, clamminess
- Irritability or impatience
- Confusion
- Rapid/fast heartbeat
- Light-headedness or dizziness
- Weakness, fatigue, and sleepiness
- Mood swings and bizarre behavior
- Hunger and nausea
- Paleness
- Blurred/impaired vision
- Headaches
- Loss of concentration
- Tingling or numbness in the lips or tongue
- Lack of coordination, clumsiness
- Nightmares or crying out during sleep
- Seizures
- Unconsciousness
3. Check blood sugar
There’s no harm in asking your loved one to check their blood sugar if their behavior seems off. It’s better to play it safe. It’s important to be stern, but not forceful, as your loved one may not be able to process information as well during an episode of low blood sugar.
4. Treat with the rule of 15
When someone with diabetes has a low blood glucose reading but is still conscious, provide them with 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates. After 15 minutes, have your loved one recheck their BG. If they’re still low, repeat the process.
Don’t worry if it’s close to a mealtime because it’s a treatment – not a snack. You can always factor in excess carbs later. If you don’t already know, ask your loved one what kind of foods they like that can help treat a low. For instance, you wouldn’t want to give someone grapefruit juice if they can’t stand the taste. It’s best to find out and have appropriate options available.
Here are some examples of fast-acting carbs:
- Three to four glucose tablets or one gel
- 4 ounces of fruit juice
- 6 ounces of regular soda
- 1 tablespoon of honey
- 1 tablespoon of table sugar
- One packet of fruit snacks (gummies)
5. Be prepared to handle a hypoglycemia-related emergency
No one likes to think about their loved one becoming unconscious due to low blood sugar, but you need to be prepared for this possibility. If someone has such severe hypoglycemia that they lose consciousness or cannot eat or drink without assistance, do not try to force feed them.
Call 911, and if you have been trained to do so, administer glucagon.
Glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose levels, treats severe hypoglycemia when a patient is unresponsive. It is usually delivered through an injection into the muscle or a nasal powder. Talk to your loved one about whether they have a prescription for glucagon. Learn how to access, use, and administer it. Check glucagon kits expiration dates regularly and do not administer if it’s expired, discolored, or in the case of mixed injections, does not dissolve well.
During a calmer time, you may consider getting a few close friends or family members together to practice using expired glucagon to learn what to do without actually administering it to a person. If you don’t have an expired glucagon injection kit, you can also practice the steps using a mixture of water and powder.
Learning how to administer injectable glucagon may prove lifesaving. Be aware that glucagon may cause vomiting, so take proper precautions if your loved one with diabetes is prone to nausea.
Have any questions or tips? Share them in the comments below!
[Originally published 2014-08-08. Updated 2023-03-01]
Tags: diabetes. t1d, glucagon, hypoglycemia, hypoglycemic episode, living with diabetes, low blood sugar
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I was teaching my students when I suddenly felt dizzy. I don’t know what happened afterwards. I opened my eyes to see myself on the floor, surrounded by my students & staff. My wig wasn’t on my hair, my shoes weren’t on my feet & they were pouring water on me. I was astonished. I tried to know what was going on but they said I should be calm. I was taken to hospital & it I had hypoglycemia 66. My head was severely aching & I was told that I fall & hit my head on the floor.
Scary, Ndidi! We’re hoping you’re feeling much better.
I woke up at 4:30 this morning my blood sugar was low 58 I was scare one of my test say 58. and the other say 121 , I was confused didn’t know what to do so I drink some orange it went up to 105 my monitor read low that’s on my arm ,and my other read something different it was very scarey what should I do
Shirley, we encourage you to discuss any concerns with your healthcare team.
I have read it. Great Post!
Thank you! Five years later, I found this post while trying to make sure my advice to my spouse was correct.
My bs goes very low and I stay conscious! My healthcare worker saved my life when all I could say was “test”. It was so low it did not register. After a second try it was 32. I couldn’t speak anything that made sense. I felt like I was going out of my mind. My hearing was affected. She called my husband and he told her to put icing in my mouth and came right home. She continued to give me sugar and in 15 minutes when my husband got home I still could not think clearly. I got the chills then fell asleep. It was the longest lasting and worse feeling ever. That was 3 days ago and I still feel like I’m in a fog… I’m worried and so is my husband. But my bs is about 70 or 80 since then so I feel stupid going to dr.
Help. Im hypoglycemic but nothing is working. I feel sick Im shaking AMD I just wanna sleep. Im home alone.
Olivia, I’m sorry to hear this. I hope you’re feeling better, but I encourage you to reach out to your healthcare team to discuss this in more detail and get their recommendations. If you are a current Medtronic customer and need help with a device or supplies, please give our 24-hour helpline a call at 800.646.4633, option 1.
Is it okay to let them fall asleep after an episode?
Stacey, this is a good conversation to have with a healthcare provider. They can make the best recommendation based on individual needs.
i have had Hypoglacemia since i was 17 now am 21. i have gone to different doctors and i still dont have answers about my condition or how to even control it. so i just take an episode as it comes. an episode starts of with twitching on my facial muscles then followed by palpitations, shaking, pale skin, headaches sometimes, blurry vision, seizures and loss of consciousness. i have troubles sleeping at night. most of the times am scared cause i dnt know if i will recover when having an episode. it takes me time to fully recover my concentration levels the following days. am at a university 6hours away from home so i would like to know how i can manage my condition.
Andiswa, I can imagine how scary this can be. Keep in mind we are not medical professionals, so we can’t provide medical advice, but I recommend working with a local endocrinologist. They can give you the best recommendations based on your individual needs. Good luck to you.
I sure hope u found someone that can help u I have a brother who has been a diabetic 1 sense he was 4 he’s 51 now for the last 6 years he can’t keep his sugar up at all he doesn’t even take insulin anyomore we have been everywhere to find someone who could help but haven’t found anyone yet so if u found someone who is helping u please let us no so maybe we can thanks and make god heal u mrs woolwine
My husband has been diabetic for 34 years and on an insulin pump for about 25 years. I’ve had to rescue him too many times to count, but the most frightening was when he had a very serious low after being in a hot tub. It was horrible. We were in the mountains at our cabin and 30 away from ems service. I saved his life that afternoon but I was traumatized. Please address this issue. I’d never read anything about it until after it had happened to us.
I’m so sorry to hear about this, Julie. I can imagine it was a very frightening experience for both you and your husband, and I’m glad he’s okay.
Does Medtronic have this information on their website here in ARABIC? If yes would you please send me the link?
Thanks!
That’s a great question, Kelly. The website is managed by the US team, and intended for US audiences, but thank you very much for your interest in communicating with us! Here is a link that lists all of our country websites and contacts: https://www.medtronicdiabetes.com/customer-support/international-contacts.
I have a history if low BS and while working one time mine fell to 17. Lucky I worked in the hospital. Anyway I had a seizure but was able to tell my boss who to call and gave right phone number and when got to ER could tell them which vein to put the IV in..I think good but might be jerking all over. What causes my brain to still be able to think correctly?
Roberta, I’m sorry to hear about this experience. I can imagine it was very frightening, but I’m glad you’re okay.
Does anyone use a diabetes dog. When my daughter was diagnosed we discovered the diabetes dogs that alert to highs and lows. Apparently children need to be at least 12 years old in order to be able to get a dog. I have heard that they are very effective. I would love to hear some first hand experiences with them. We are still considering a dog for her. She is 12 in Dec.
I’ve had serious problems with low bg for a while now. The best thing I’ve found is liquid glucose shots (wal mart) work the best. I carry one or two with me always. Keep one next to my bed, in the car, work, & one really everywhere. No refrigeration needed. Works fast.
Glad you’ve found what works best for you, Lisa. Great idea to keep one everywhere you go. Thanks for sharing.
I have been a type 1 for almost 50 years. Have hypoglycemic unawareness. My husband has used a turkey baster to squirt small amounts of orange juice into my mouth when he finds me sweating during the night. Fortunately, my insulin pump has been a godsend for the past 5 years. No more basting needed.
Thanks for sharing your experiences with us, Barbara. Happy to hear you’re doing well on insulin pump therapy!
last bad low I had wife called 911 an I got ride in ambulance to hospital. paramedics worked on me a while finally go sugar up from 30s. while in hospital I met a nurse who was diabetic an he helped me adjust my pump. that my diabetic friends was a plus. lows deffanantly no fun. gary
Gary, I’m so sorry to hear about this experience. I will have a member of my team reach out to you to discuss what happened. Please let me know if there’s anything else you need.
All sharing is good, we all know what it is like. I am so aware a low can happen anytime anywhere, I live in fear of not having supplies, not really fear, just need to be situationally aware as hubby says. Even my endo doc says it is complicated and everyone is different.
I have been a Type 1 diabetic athlete for 51 years – marathons, cycling mountaineering camp; ice climbing. I am currently living alone away from home while working and do not have my wife , who can spot a hypo from 50 feet just by looking into my eyes. I think the Rule of 15 is stupid and dangerous. If your blood sugar drops, hit it hard – I use a handful of skittles , at least 40 gC – and fix it NOW. You can always correct a high BG a little later because you will be conscious. You can’t correct a persistent low BG because you can so easily be unconscious!
Thanks for sharing your tips with us, Ian. Sounds like your wife takes good care of you!
Ian I totally agree with you on how the Rule of 15 is stupid and dangerous.
Sorry, Jean! We understand that all people living with diabetes have their own unique experiences and continue to try to meet the needs of our community in a variety of ways. Thanks so much for the feedback. Do you have any tips you’d like to share with us?
I agree about hitting it a little harder but if you hit it too hard you are on a nasty roller coaster ride. I like that you shared that you live a adventurous life not trapped by your condition. I think I should live a more sedimentary life style sometimes, but then I don’t think it would be worth living. Thanks for sharing.
~Rose
Yes, night time lows are NOT good but if I have one, I keep glucose tablets in the drawer of my bed side table. They dissolve quickly & than I can get up & have some other carbs.
I always carry 2 soda pops in my purse (suitcase), as well as hard candies. I don’t display symptoms until I am down around 4o or 45 and then everything hits me at once. I found the soda pop can is the easiest thing for me to open and fruit juice always makes me sick if I drink it when I am low. The hard candies are useful to carry in my pocket. I can pop one in my mouth every 10 or 15 minutes while I’m out feeding my horses or mucking stalls (that is, if I can keep my horses away from them!). I find that even with the enlite cgm, I experience lows. In fact, all the alarms I get seem to cause more stress and more lows than when I am not wearing the sensor. I’ve gained 15 pounds since starting the sensor and I attribut it to the additional lows and overcompensation trying to avoid alarms.
Yes, as another person said, we need to avoid the lows as much as possible, not just treat them. I agree, but in practicality, it is not a simple issue, even with a glucose sensor and testing sugar 6 – 8 times per day. I can say, though, that since I’ve been wearing an insulin pump (15+ years), I’ve only been taken to the E.R. once and have had someone call an ambulance once (but I was back to normal by the time they arrived.) Prior to that time, I had at least 2 ambulance rides per year to the E.R. and was hospitalized every few years. The diabetes continues to affect us differently – sometimes it is harder on our bodies, sometimes not so hard — as we age, as our lifestyles change, as we become more/less rigid in our management, etc. etc. etc.
Thanks to all for sharing your experiences – it’s good to learn from each other and take stock of where we’re at with our diabetes management.
P.S. Although I don’t have a service dog, I think they are great for alerting to hypoglycemia. One of my pets naturally did it for me, with no training. When she passed on, it was devastating to me, as I lived alone at the time. She saved many times over the years.
Glad you’ve found what works best for you and you’re doing well on insulin pump therapy, Marilyn. Keep up the good work!
Whenever possible I treat my hypoglycemia with 8 oz. of milk. Because it is part carbohydrate and part protein, it raises my glucose level quickly enough while the protein holds me there for a while until I eat something substantial. There is nothing worse than drinking juice or other simple carbohydrate, only to start bottoming out 30 minutes later.
Pamela, thanks for sharing. I’m glad you’ve found something that works for you!
I’ve used milk if that’s at hand, but yogurt or kefir or maybe cottage cheese, are even better because they digest and assimilate faster for most people. Whenever I’ve had low blood sugar spells, I’ve always craved yogurt with fruit.
Here is another one, had to go to rehab center for 6 1/2 weeks, they almost killed me as no one had a remote clue regarding diabetes. There should be at least one person on staff that knows something, they even lock up fruit juices in kitchen at night, how sad is that. Pam the nurse was good she gave me some of her sweet tea and a couple grammars. So anyway need more nurses and even doctors that need to be better educated on diabetes, if we are having a diabetes crises in this country, where are the good guys? I’m done for now TY for listening we need to help each other
Thanks for sharing with us, Mel. I imagine this was a scary experience, but glad you’re doing okay.
When we have nobody living with us that can help us treat a low BG; if we are fortunate enough to have a CGM we will know the low is coming before hypoglycemia hits us.
I have had two episodes of an extremely low bg in the low 3o’s that left me paralyzed on my left side. I thought I had a stroke. Ambulance took me to the hospital hospital did an mri
No stroke. As soon as the ambulance people gave me glucose about 2o monutes later the feeling started to return in my feet first then everything was ok, My endocrinologist said she had read about this but never had a patience experience it. She called it “diabetic stroke like syndrome”. Weird it was.
I had woke up in this condition in the morning. I don’t want to have this happen again. It scared me so bad.
Linda, I’m so sorry to hear you went through this experience. I can imagine it was frightening. Thank you for sharing with us.
I had a similar experience about 20 years ago. I woke up in the night knowing that I was having an insulin reaction. I rolled out of bed and my legs wouldn’t hold me. I fell to the floor and found that I was totally uncoordinated. My legs and arms just wouldn’t do what I was telling them to do. I crawled into the hallway, yelling for my son, who was about 8 at the time. He didn’t hear me since it was hot and we had fans going in the house. I managed to crawl back in the bedroom to the phone and I remember trying to dial 911. My hands were so uncoordinated and hard to control, it took me about 10 tries to hit the 9-1-1. I couldn’t talk completely plain either but managed to get my message across. The ambulance came and I let the guys in at the bedroom window because I didn’t think I could make it to the front door or stand to reach the lock. As soon as I got the IV glucose, I started getting better and of course, complete control returned by the next morning. I’ve had diabetes for 48 years now, and this was the only time anything like this happened. I’ve had many low blood glucose episodes in that time, but never again with those symptoms. I have even been unconsious and waked up in an emergency room, but never had that loss of muscular control.
Thanks for sharing your story with us, Pamela. I’m glad to know that you’re doing better today, and wish you the best.
I had the morning paralysis thing, too. Scared me to death. I knew that I was low, was totally soaked so since I keep juice boxes on my night stand, I slammed one down. I also had the spinning room thing going which didn’t help. After a few minutes I started getting feeling back in my left side and after more apple juice, my husband took me to the ER. The doctor called it ‘hypoglycemic hemiparesis’. They did a full stroke workup and said everything was fine. They fed me a huge breakfast and sent me home. I haven’t had it since, thank God!
Everyone listed above has very good ideas to ‘treat’ a low. But really, the best way to avoid them…yes we all know it…is to test, and test often. Each of us as diabetics know when and what causes us to go ‘low’ after awhile. Just test…and pre-treat before a ‘low’ happens.
Well good idea, but not always can do. Sometimes I wake up in middle of night with an episode, can barely get to my apple juice and testing supplies, if hubby is awake he helps me.
My husband and daughter can tell when I’m having a low by my voice. I have slurred speech and the tone of my voice changes.
Hi Marsha, I was curious if after your bg returns to normal how long does it take for your symptoms like the slurred speech to let up? Thank you.
I always carry a drink box apple juice, in a small snack bag, so straw will not separate from box, small container of gluco tabs, a few saltine crackers. Yes, having someone talking to you is not too helpful, my motto, 5 words or less. I had one yesterday in the store, drank my juice, gluco tabs and hung onto my cart. Sometimes you need somewhere to sit, some places have none. I pretty much have to stay in one spot till it passes. Always be prepared,you never know when it will take over. It is very scary to experience one.
Glad you’ve found what works for you, Mel! Thanks for sharing your tips with us.
Another important thing to remember if a friend is having a low sugar problem: Don’t keep talking to them. The brain has to work hard to digest what people are saying and the more they struggle to take in what you’re saying, the lower the sugars go. If you must talk, talk slow with as few words as possible.
Thank you for this post. When I have a low it is very hard to concentrate. My husband has to move into action because I have no clue of what anyone is talking about.
I absolutely agree with this comment as well. A lot of my lows are where I have a ton of trouble understanding the person, or trying to even respond back. This is a very important one ~ thanks so much for posting.
thank you. i have found it hard to respond to people around me. most times i fail to even understand the question or i keep saying the same thing over and over again or sometimes i say things that do not make sense
One of the things I remember being told is that you can rub cake icing/glucose gel onto the gums and cheeks if the person isn’t able to follow directions regarding drinking or chewing. I think this is very helpful for children or if you don’t have any glucagon present.
Thanks for sharing, Dawn!
Another wonderful idea is to have an “emergency kit” with all things needed for a low blood sugar event. My girlfriend came up with this after she had to help my child through a low. In our kit we have an instruction sheet with how to treat a low and also phone numbers for doctors and contacts. We have an extra tester, test strips, gloves, sugar tablets, glucagon, juice box, crackers, etc. It has been very helpful to have all supplies in one place to help in the event of an emergency.
David, glad you found these tips useful!
Heather, thanks for sharing your emergency kit tips with us! What a great idea!
WONDERFUL info….I wish I had trained on this years ago. USE this info, no kidding. I have shared on Facebook, you should too 🙂